Lub reactor outage yog ib lub sij hawm ua tib zoo npaj rau hauv lub neej voj voog ntawm nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag. Thaum cov hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob nres ib ntus, ntau txhiab qhov kev saib xyuas, kev tshuaj xyuas, kev sim, thiab kev hloov khoom siv pib yuav luag tam sim ntawd. Txhua qhov haujlwm ua raws li cov sijhawm qhia ntxaws, thiab txawm tias qeeb me me tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov sijhawm ua haujlwm.
Ntawm txhua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb thaum muaj hluav taws xob, kev saib xyuas hluav taws xob tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tu, NDT cov kws tshaj lij, cov neeg cog lus, thiab pab pawg tiv thaiv hluav taws xob feem ntau ua haujlwm ib txhij nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tuaj yeem hloov pauv thaum lub kaw lus raug qhib, cov khoom raug tshem tawm, thiab tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv.
Yog tsis muaj kev saib xyuas hluav taws xob tas mus li, txawm tias kev ua haujlwm tu txhua hnub tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo. Kev soj ntsuam cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub pab ua kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ua haujlwm tau zoo thaum tswj hwm cov qauv tiv thaiv hluav taws xob nruj.
Vim li cas Reactor Outages Yuav Tsum Muaj Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob
Tsis zoo li cov nroj tsuag ib txwm ua haujlwm, qhov hluav taws xob tawm hluav taws xob cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov khoom siv thiab cov tshuab uas feem ntau cais tawm thaum lub zog tsim hluav taws xob.
Cov kev ua ub ua no ib txwm muaj xws li:
Reactor nkoj soj ntsuam
Chav generator tu
Kev kho lub hauv paus coolant system
Kev tshuaj xyuas cov yeeb nkab thiab vuam
Valve hloov
Kev khiav hauj lwm roj
Tsis yog -kev kuaj kev puas tsuaj (NDT)
Decontamination ua haujlwm
Ntau cov haujlwm no muaj nyob rau hauv cov chaw tswj hluav taws xob uas cov xwm txheej raug hloov pauv txhua hnub.
Raws li kev saib xyuas zoo zuj zus, qib hluav taws xob tuaj yeem nce lossis txo qis nyob ntawm kev tshem tawm cov ntaub thaiv npog, kev teeb tsa cov khoom siv, thiab cov khoom siv ua haujlwm.
Kev soj ntsuam tas li tso cai rau pab pawg tiv thaiv hluav taws xob los teb tam sim rau cov kev hloov pauv no.
Ntau tus neeg cog lus ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb nyuaj
Cov hluav taws xob loj loj feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog ntau pua lossis ntau txhiab tus neeg ua haujlwm ib ntus ntxiv rau cov neeg ua haujlwm cog mus tas li.
Cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav suav nrog:
Pab neeg kho tshuab
Hluav taws xob engineers
Cov kws qhia ntawv tshwj xeeb
NDT Inspectors
Cov neeg ua haujlwm Scaffold
Rwb thaiv tsev cog lus
Cov kws tshaj lij tiv thaiv hluav taws xob
Ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm no muaj lub luag haujlwm sib txawv tab sis ua haujlwm hauv tib thaj chaw tswj hwm.
Qhov no tsim teeb meem kev sib koom tes tseem ceeb.
Yog tias tsis muaj kev saib xyuas hluav taws xob raug thiab kev sib txuas lus meej, cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis paub txog kev hloov hluav taws xob tuaj yeem nkag mus rau ntau dua - thaj chaw koob tshuaj.
Tus Kheej Dosimetry yog thawj kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv
Txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm nkag mus rau qhov chaw tswj hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau nruab nrog qhov tsim nyog tus kheej dosimetry.
Electronic Personal Dosimeters (EPDs) tau dhau los ua cov cuab yeej siv thaum muaj ntau lub tshuab hluav taws xob vim tias lawv muab:
Tiag - lub sij hawm sau koob tshuaj
Instant dose-rate zaub
Audible tswb muaj nuj nqi
Kev ceeb toom kev vibration
Tsis siv neeg raug kaw
Tsis zoo li ib txwm passive dosimeters, cov tshuab hluav taws xob muab kev tawm tswv yim tam sim.
Yog tias cov hluav taws xob nce siab tsis xav txog, cov neeg ua haujlwm tau txais kev ceeb toom tam sim thiab tuaj yeem tawm hauv thaj chaw ua ntej muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj heev.
Qhov no tiag tiag - kev paub txog lub sijhawm muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tsis zoo uas ua haujlwm hloov pauv ntau zaus.
Cheeb Tsam Radiation Monitoring Txhawb Kev Npaj Ua Haujlwm Zoo
Thaum tus kheej dosimeters saib xyuas tus neeg raug, thaj chaw hluav taws xob saib xyuas muab cov ntaub ntawv txuas ntxiv hais txog chaw ua haujlwm.
Cov tshuab no feem ntau ntsia nyob ze:
Reactor containment thaj chaw
Siv cov pas dej
Kho qhov chaw nkag
Cov chaw pov tseg ib ntus
Cov cuab yeej staging thaj chaw
Kev saib xyuas thaj chaw tsis tu ncua pab cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv hluav taws xob:
Txheeb xyuas qhov hloov pauv hluav taws xob
Kho cov ntawv tso cai ua haujlwm
Tswj kev nkag mus rau qhov siab dua - koob tshuaj
Tshawb xyuas kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm
Txhim kho txoj kev npaj hluav taws xob
Los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm tus kheej thiab kev saib xyuas hauv cheeb tsam, cov nroj tsuag tau txais kev nkag siab ntau dua ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob nyob thoob plaws lub chaw.
NDT Cov Kev Ua Si Thaum Lub Zog Hluav Taws Xob
Kev kuaj hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab lwm txoj hauv kev NDT yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum kev saib xyuas hluav taws xob.
Cov pab pawg soj ntsuam tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas:
Reactor coolant kav
Cov hlab ntsha siab
Chav generators
Weld kho
Cov qauv kev txhawb nqa
Txawm hais tias cov kev tshuaj xyuas no tsim nyog los xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov cuab yeej, lawv tuaj yeem koom nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntxiv xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob gamma.
Qhov no tsim ob qho kev xav txog hluav taws xob sib cais:
Tsob ntoo tawg
Radiation generated thaum muaj hluav taws xob
Kev sib koom tes tsim nyog ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv hluav taws xob thiab RT pawg yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej tias ob qho kev phom sij tseem tswj tau tag nrho.
Tswj tus neeg ua haujlwm raug pom zoo siv ALARA Txoj Cai
Cov chaw Nuclear thoob ntiaj teb siv ALARA txoj cai- khaws cov hluav taws xob tiv thaiv kom tsawg li tsim nyog ua tiav.
Thaum muaj kev puas tsuaj, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no cuam tshuam yuav luag txhua qhov kev txiav txim siab saib xyuas.
Cov tswv yim txo kev raug cuam tshuam feem ntau suav nrog:
Ua tib zoo npaj txoj haujlwm
Txo lub sij hawm siv nyob rau hauv siab - koob tshuaj
Siv kev tiv thaiv ib ntus
Rotating cov neeg ua haujlwm
Ua kev thuam- nce kev cob qhia ua ntej nkag
Kev tshuaj xyuas tas li
Tiag -lub sij hawm dosimetry tso cai rau cov thawj coj saib xyuas qhov tshwm sim ntau ntxiv thoob plaws qhov hluav taws xob thiab kho cov haujlwm ua haujlwm thaum tsim nyog.
Kev saib xyuas kev kis kab mob yog qhov tseem ceeb sib npaug
Kev saib xyuas hluav taws xob tsuas yog ib feem ntawm txoj haujlwm kev nyab xeeb.
Reactor outages kuj tseem yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kev kis kab mob.
Cov neeg ua haujlwm tsiv mus nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov chaw tswj hwm thiab huv si yog niaj hnub kuaj xyuas cov kab mob sib kis hauv xov tooj cua siv:
Surface contamination monitors
Tes thiab ko taw saib
Portable contamination detectors
Kev soj ntsuam kev sib kis tsis tu ncua pab tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm kev sib kis dhau ntawm thaj chaw tswj hwm thiab tiv thaiv ob tus neeg ua haujlwm thiab khoom siv.
Calibration thiab cov cuab yeej npaj ua ntej qhov hluav taws kub
Txhua lub ntsuas hluav taws xob ntsuas hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau npaj txhij ua ntej kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob pib.
Tej yam ua ntej- kev kuaj xyuas muaj xws li:
Calibration pov thawj
Hloov roj teeb lossis them nyiaj
Tswb muaj nuj nqi kuaj
Kev ntsuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub ntsuas ntsuas
Kev npaj cov khoom seem
Vim tias cov sijhawm teem sijhawm raug tswj nruj, cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev saib xyuas cov haujlwm thiab ncua kev tshuaj xyuas tseem ceeb.
Cov cuab yeej saib xyuas kev ntseeg siab pab tswj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Digital Radiation Monitoring Txhim Kho Kev Tswj Xyuas Hluav Taws Xob
Ntau lub chaw nuclear tau txais kev tswj hwm hluav taws xob digital los txhim kho kev saib xyuas thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob tawg.
Cov tshuab no tuaj yeem ua ke:
Electronic tus kheej dosimeters
Cheeb tsam hluav taws xob saib xyuas
Portable ntsuas ntsuas
Cov cuab yeej saib xyuas kev kis kab mob
Centralized hluav taws xob databases
Qhov no tso cai rau pab pawg tiv thaiv hluav taws xob:
Taug qab cov neeg ua haujlwm raug rau lub sijhawm
Saib xyuas ntau thaj chaw ua haujlwm ib txhij
Tsim cov ntawv ceeb toom tsis siv neeg ua raws
Txheeb xyuas cov haujlwm siab - koob tshuaj rau kev ua kom zoo rau yav tom ntej
Kev saib xyuas digital kuj tseem ua kom yooj yim cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm thiab tom qab- kev tshuaj xyuas kev puas tsuaj.
Kev Npaj Thaum Muaj Xwm Ceev Thaum Muaj Xwm Ceev
Txawm hais tias muaj teeb meem hluav taws xob thaum lub sij hawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim, kev npaj xwm txheej ceev tseem tseem ceeb.
Cov cuab yeej ntsuas hluav taws xob ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev teb rau cov xwm txheej xws li:
Tsis xav txog qhov nce hauv koob tshuaj
Cov xwm txheej sib kis
Cov khoom siv ua haujlwm tsis zoo
Poob kev tiv thaiv
Tsis npaj nkag mus rau thaj chaw txwv
Kev ntsuas hluav taws xob nrawm thiab raug tso cai pab pawg xwm txheej ceev kom txiav txim siab paub thiab tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo.
Txhawb nqa niaj hnub Nuclear Maintenance
Cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob niaj hnub no yuav tsum muaj hluav taws xob saib xyuas cov tshuab uas sib xyaw kom raug, kev ntseeg tau, thiab kev paub txog lub sijhawm tiag tiag.
Astral Route muab hluav taws xob saib xyuas cov kev daws teeb meem tsim nyog rau kev xav tau kev saib xyuas nuclear, suav nrog:
Electronic tus kheej dosimeters
Portable hluav taws xob soj ntsuam ntsuas ntsuas
Neutron dosimeters
Surface contamination monitors
Tritium xyuas tshuab rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb
Cov kev daws teeb meem no pab cov neeg ua haujlwm nuclear ntxiv dag zog rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv, txhim kho kev ua raws cai, thiab txhawb kev ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
FAQ
Vim li cas kev saib xyuas hluav taws xob tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb thaum lub sij hawm reactor outages?
Vim tias kev saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm nthuav tawm cov neeg ua haujlwm mus rau thaj chaw uas ib txwm tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus tau thaum lub sijhawm cog qoob loo, thiab cov xwm txheej hluav taws xob tuaj yeem hloov pauv thoob plaws qhov hluav taws xob.
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob saib xyuas dab tsi uas nquag siv?
Hluav taws xob tus kheej dosimeters, portable soj ntsuam ntsuas, cheeb tsam hluav taws xob saib, saib xyuas cov kab mob, thiab neutron dosimeters tau dav siv nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov.
Vim li cas cov tshuab hluav taws xob tus kheej nyiam dua thaum muaj hluav taws xob?
Lawv muab -cov ntaub ntawv siv sijhawm ntev thiab ceeb toom tam sim, pab cov neeg ua haujlwm teb sai sai rau kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob.
Kev saib xyuas hluav taws xob txhawb ALARA li cas?
Kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua pab cov thawj saib xyuas kom txo tau cov neeg ua haujlwm raug mob los ntawm kev kho cov sijhawm ua haujlwm, tswj kev nkag mus, thiab ua kom zoo rau kev npaj ua haujlwm.
Puas yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib txawv ntawm cov ntsuas hluav taws xob?
Yog lawm. Cov ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas hluav taws xob ntsuas hluav taws xob, thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob kuaj pom cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm qhov chaw, khoom siv, lossis cov neeg ua haujlwm.
Kev xav zaum kawg
Cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog ib lub sijhawm xav tau tshaj plaws hauv kev ua haujlwm nuclear. Kev tu kom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem tuaj ntawm qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm hluav taws xob.
Kev saib xyuas hluav taws xob dav dav- suav nrog tus kheej dosimetry, saib xyuas thaj chaw, kuaj pom muaj kab mob sib kis, thiab tiag -kev tswj hwm lub sijhawm raug pom zoo- muab cov ntaub ntawv xav tau los tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm thaum ua raws li cov sijhawm teem sijhawm.
Raws li cov chaw nuclear txuas ntxiv txhim kho cov kev coj ua niaj hnub, cov thev naus laus zis saib xyuas hluav taws xob yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kev nyab xeeb, ua raws, thiab kev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm thoob plaws txhua theem ntawm cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob.
